The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, also known as Little Armenia, was a medieval kingdom established by the Armenian princes in southern Anatolia during the 11th century AD. It served as a refuge for Armenians who had been displaced due to Turkish and Arab conquests. The kingdom reached its peak under King Leo I (reigned from 1342 to 1382) when it expanded territorially, achieving relative stability and prosperity. Notable cities within the kingdom included Sis (present-day Kozan, Turkey), Tarsus, and Adana. The fall of the Kingdom of Cilicia occurred in 1375 following a series of defeats at the hands of the Mamluk Sultanate, effectively ending Armenian political autonomy for centuries. Despite its demise as an independent state, the legacy of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia continues to be significant in Armenian history and culture.